Just a few years ago Fibre Optic Broadband was a rare thing, with only a handful of companies offering it. Companies were happy for customers to just try it out for a few months and see how they like it, that's how new it was! Today, fibre optic connections are common in the telecoms industry.
The most common way to transmit information when it comes to telecommunications is cable, where copper wires are the medium. In fibre optics, however, the medium is light itself. Pulses of light are used to carry the signal through optical fibres.
So this is how fibre optic communication basically works - An electrical signal must be converted to an optic signal. This signal is then carried through the optic fibre to the receptor, where it is converted back into an electrical signal.
The biggest advantage of fibre optic transmission is that there is virtually no loss of data while transmitting. It is also the optimum way to transmit data over long distances. Fibre optic is used for high bandwidth transmission. It is also more sturdy in that it is not influenced by the external environment, temperature etc.